| % - a literal percent character. No argument is required. |
| c - the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as the character with that ASCII value. |
| d - the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as a (signed) decimal number. |
| u - the argument is treated as an integer, and presented as an unsigned decimal number. |
| f - the argument is treated as a float, and presented as a floating-point number (locale aware). |
| s - the argument is treated as and presented as a string. |
| x - the argument is treated as an integer and presented as a hexadecimal number (with lowercase letters). |
| X - the argument is treated as an integer and presented as a hexadecimal number (with uppercase letters). |